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## Introduction to quantum optics - Lecture 1 Zoller, Peter | CIRM H

Post-edited

Research School;Mathematical Physics

Quantum optical systems provides one of the best physical settings to engineer quantum many-body systems of atoms and photons, which can be controlled and measured on the level of single quanta. In this course we will provide an introduction to quantum optics from the perspective of control and measurement, and in light of possible applications including quantum computing and quantum communication.
The first part of the course will introduce the basic quantum optical systems and concepts as ’closed’ (i.e. isolated) quantum systems. We start with laser driven two-level atoms, the Jaynes-Cummings model of Cavity Quantum Electro-dynamics, and illustrate with the example of trapped ions control of the quantum motion of atoms via laser light. This will lead us to the model system of an ion trap quantum computer where we employ control ideas to design quantum gates.
In the second part of the course we will consider open quantum optical systems. Here the system of interest is coupled to a bosonic bath or environment (e.g. vacuum modes of the radiation field), providing damping and decoherence. We will develop the theory for the example of a radiatively damped two-level atom, and derive the corresponding master equation, and discuss its solution and physical interpretation. On a more advanced level, and as link to the mathematical literature, we establish briefly the connection to topics like continuous measurement theory (of photon counting), the Quantum Stochastic Schrödinger Equation, and quantum trajectories (here as as time evolution of a radiatively damped atom conditional to observing a given photon count trajectory). As an example of the application of the formalism we discuss quantum state transfer in a quantum optical network.
Parts of this video related to ongoing unpublished research have been cut off.
Quantum optical systems provides one of the best physical settings to engineer quantum many-body systems of atoms and photons, which can be controlled and measured on the level of single quanta. In this course we will provide an introduction to quantum optics from the perspective of control and measurement, and in light of possible applications including quantum computing and quantum communication.
The first part of the course will introduce the ...

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## Intermittent weak solutions of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations Vicol, Vlad | CIRM H

Post-edited

Research talks;Partial Differential Equations;Mathematical Physics

​I will discuss recent developments concerning the non-uniqueness of distributional solutions to the Navier-Stokes equation.

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## ​On the Lüroth problem for real varieties Benoist, Olivier | CIRM H

Post-edited

Research talks;Algebraic & Complex Geometry

The Lüroth problem asks whether every unirational variety is rational. Over the complex numbers, it has a positive answer for curves and surfaces, but fails in higher dimensions. In this talk, I will consider the Lüroth problem for real algebraic varieties that are geometrically rational, and explain a counterexample not accounted for by the topology of the real locus or by unramified cohomology. This is joint work with Olivier Wittenberg.

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## The Verlinde formula for Higgs bundles Andersen, Jorgen Ellegaard | CIRM H

Post-edited

Research talks;Algebraic and Complex Geometry;Mathematical Physics

In this talk we will present a Verlinde formula for the quantization of the Higgs bundle moduli spaces and stacks for any simple and simply-connected group. We further present a Verlinde formula for the quantization of parabolic Higgs bundle moduli spaces and stacks. We will explain how all these dimensions fit into a one parameter family of 2D TQFT’s, encoded in a one parameter family of Frobenius algebras, which we will construct.

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## Stable models for modular curves in prime level Parent, Pierre | CIRM H

Post-edited

Research talks;Algebraic and Complex Geometry;Number Theory

We describe stable models for modular curves associated with all maximal subgroups in prime level, including in particular the new case of non-split Cartan curves.
Joint work with Bas Edixhoven.

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## Avoiding Jacobians Masser, David | CIRM H

Post-edited

Research talks;Algebraic and Complex Geometry;Number Theory

It is classical that, for example, there is a simple abelian variety of dimension $4$ which is not the jacobian of any curve of genus $4$, and it is not hard to see that there is one defined over the field of all algebraic numbers $\overline{\bf Q}$. In $2012$ Chai and Oort asked if there is a simple abelian fourfold, defined over $\overline{\bf Q}$, which is not even isogenous to any jacobian. In the same year Tsimerman answered ''yes''. Recently Zannier and I have done this over the rationals $\bf Q$, and with ''yes, almost all''. In my talk I will explain ''almost all'' the concepts involved. It is classical that, for example, there is a simple abelian variety of dimension $4$ which is not the jacobian of any curve of genus $4$, and it is not hard to see that there is one defined over the field of all algebraic numbers $\overline{\bf Q}$. In $2012$ Chai and Oort asked if there is a simple abelian fourfold, defined over $\overline{\bf Q}$, which is not even isogenous to any jacobian. In the same year Tsimerman answered ''yes''. ...

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## On the existence of algebraic approximations of compact Kähler manifolds Lin, Hsueh-Yung | CIRM H

Post-edited

Research talks;Analysis and its Applications;Algebraic and Complex Geometry

Let $X$ be a compact Kähler manifold. The so-called Kodaira problem asks whether $X$ has arbitrarily small deformations to some projective varieties. While Kodaira proved that such deformations always exist for surfaces. Starting from dimension 4, there are examples constructed by Voisin which answer the Kodaira problem in the negative. In this talk, we will focus on threefolds, as well as compact Kähler manifolds of algebraic dimension $a(X) = dim(X) -1$. We will explain our positive solution to the Kodaira problem for these manifolds. Let $X$ be a compact Kähler manifold. The so-called Kodaira problem asks whether $X$ has arbitrarily small deformations to some projective varieties. While Kodaira proved that such deformations always exist for surfaces. Starting from dimension 4, there are examples constructed by Voisin which answer the Kodaira problem in the negative. In this talk, we will focus on threefolds, as well as compact Kähler manifolds of algebraic dimension $a(X) = ... Déposez votre fichier ici pour le déplacer vers cet enregistrement. ## Distributive Aronszajn trees Rinot, Assaf | CIRM H Post-edited Research talks;Logic and Foundations It is well-known that the statement "all$\aleph_1$-Aronszajn trees are special'' is consistent with ZFC (Baumgartner, Malitz, and Reinhardt), and even with ZFC+GCH (Jensen). In contrast, Ben-David and Shelah proved that, assuming GCH, for every singular cardinal$\lambda$: if there exists a$\lambda^+$-Aronszajn tree, then there exists a non-special one. Furthermore: Theorem (Ben-David and Shelah, 1986) Assume GCH and that$\lambda$is singular cardinal. If there exists a special$\lambda^+$-Aronszajn tree, then there exists a$\lambda$-distributive$\lambda^+$-Aronszajn tree. This suggests that following stronger statement: Conjecture. Assume GCH and that$\lambda$is singular cardinal. If there exists a$\lambda^+$-Aronszajn tree, then there exists a$\lambda$-distributive$\lambda^+$-Aronszajn tree. The assumption that there exists a$\lambda^+$-Aronszajn tree is a very mild square-like hypothesis (that is,$\square(\lambda^+,\lambda)$). In order to bloom a$\lambda$-distributive tree from it, there is a need for a toolbox, each tool taking an abstract square-like sequence and producing a sequence which is slightly better than the original one. For this, we introduce the monoid of postprocessing functions and study how it acts on the class of abstract square sequences. We establish that, assuming GCH, the monoid contains some very powerful functions. We also prove that the monoid is closed under various mixing operations. This allows us to prove a theorem which is just one step away from verifying the conjecture: Theorem 1. Assume GCH and that$\lambda$is a singular cardinal. If$\square(\lambda^+,<\lambda)$holds, then there exists a$\lambda$-distributive$\lambda^+$-Aronszajn tree. Another proof, involving a 5-steps chain of applications of postprocessing functions, is of the following theorem. Theorem 2. Assume GCH. If$\lambda$is a singular cardinal and$\square(\lambda^+)$holds, then there exists a$\lambda^+$-Souslin tree which is coherent mod finite. This is joint work with Ari Brodsky. See: http://assafrinot.com/paper/29 It is well-known that the statement "all$\aleph_1$-Aronszajn trees are special'' is consistent with ZFC (Baumgartner, Malitz, and Reinhardt), and even with ZFC+GCH (Jensen). In contrast, Ben-David and Shelah proved that, assuming GCH, for every singular cardinal$\lambda$: if there exists a$\lambda^+$-Aronszajn tree, then there exists a non-special one. Furthermore: Theorem (Ben-David and Shelah, 1986) Assume GCH and that$\lambda$is singular ... Déposez votre fichier ici pour le déplacer vers cet enregistrement. ## ​Modelling of errors in photoacoustic tomography Tarvainen, Tanja | CIRM H Post-edited Research talks;Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing;Partial Differential Equations ​We consider photoacoustic tomography in the presence of approximation and modelling errors. The inverse problem, i.e. estimation of the initial pressure from photoacoustic time-series measured on the boundary of the target, is approached in the framework of Bayesian inverse problems. The posterior distribution is examined in situations in which the forward model contains errors or uncertainties for example due to numerical approximations or uncertainties in the acoustic parameters. Modelling of these errors and its impact on the posterior distribution are investigated. This is joint work with Teemu Sahlstrm, Jenni Tick and Aki Pulkkinen. ​We consider photoacoustic tomography in the presence of approximation and modelling errors. The inverse problem, i.e. estimation of the initial pressure from photoacoustic time-series measured on the boundary of the target, is approached in the framework of Bayesian inverse problems. The posterior distribution is examined in situations in which the forward model contains errors or uncertainties for example due to numerical approximations or ... Déposez votre fichier ici pour le déplacer vers cet enregistrement. ## Periods of polarized hyperkähler manifolds​ Debarre, Olivier | CIRM H Post-edited Research talks;Algebraic and Complex Geometry Hyperkähler manifolds are higher-dimensional analogs of K3 surfaces. Verbitsky and Markmann recently proved that their period map is an open embedding. In a joint work with E. Macri, we explicitly determine the image of this map in some cases. I will explain this result together with a nice application (found by Bayer and Mongardi) to the (almost complete) determination of the image of the period map for cubic fourfolds, hereby partially recovering a result of Laza. Hyperkähler manifolds are higher-dimensional analogs of K3 surfaces. Verbitsky and Markmann recently proved that their period map is an open embedding. In a joint work with E. Macri, we explicitly determine the image of this map in some cases. I will explain this result together with a nice application (found by Bayer and Mongardi) to the (almost complete) determination of the image of the period map for cubic fourfolds, hereby partially ... Déposez votre fichier ici pour le déplacer vers cet enregistrement. ## Invariants of ternary forms under the orthogonal group Hubert, Evelyne | CIRM H Post-edited Research talks;Computer Science;Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing Classical invariant theory has essentially addressed the action of the general linear group on homogeneous polynomials. Yet the orthogonal group arises in applications as the relevant group of transformations, especially in 3 dimensional space. Having a complete set of invariants for its action on ternary quartics, i.e. degree 4 homogeneous polynomials in 3 variables, is, for instance, relevant in determining biomarkers for white matter from diffusion MRI. We characterize a generating set of rational invariants of the orthogonal group acting on even degree forms by their restriction on a slice. These restrictions are invariant under the octahedral group and their explicit formulae are given compactly in terms of equivariant maps. The invariants of the orthogonal group can then be obtained in an explicit way, but their numerical evaluation can be achieved more robustly using their restrictions. The exhibited set of generators futhermore allows us to solve the inverse problem and the rewriting. Central in obtaining the invariants for higher degree forms is the preliminary construction, with explicit formulae, for a basis of harmonic polynomials with octahedral symmetry, dif- ferent, though related, to cubic harmonics. This is joint work with Paul Görlach (now at MPI Leipzig), in a joint project with Téo Papadopoulo (Inria Méditerranée). Classical invariant theory has essentially addressed the action of the general linear group on homogeneous polynomials. Yet the orthogonal group arises in applications as the relevant group of transformations, especially in 3 dimensional space. Having a complete set of invariants for its action on ternary quartics, i.e. degree 4 homogeneous polynomials in 3 variables, is, for instance, relevant in determining biomarkers for white matter from ... Déposez votre fichier ici pour le déplacer vers cet enregistrement. ## The evolution of cooperation in an iterated survival game Wakeley, John | CIRM H Post-edited Research talks;Mathematics in Science and Technology;Probability and Statistics A new type of a simple iterated game with natural biological motivation is introduced. Two individuals are chosen at random from a population. They must survive a certain number of steps. They start together, but if one of them dies the other one tries to survive on its own. The only payoff is to survive the game. We only allow two strategies: cooperators help the other individual, while defectors do not. There is no strategic complexity. There are no conditional strategies. Depending on the number of steps we recover various forms of stringent and relaxed cooperative dilemmas. We derive conditions for the evolution of cooperation. Specifically, we describe an iterated game between two players, in which the payoff is to survive a number of steps. Expected payoffs are probabilities of survival. A key feature of the game is that individuals have to survive on their own if their partner dies. We consider individuals with simple, unconditional strategies. When both players are present, each step is a symmetric two-player game. As the number of iterations tends to infinity, all probabilities of survival decrease to zero. We obtain general, analytical results for n-step payoffs and use these to describe how the game changes as n increases. In order to predict changes in the frequency of a cooperative strategy over time, we embed the survival game in three different models of a large, well-mixed population. Two of these models are deterministic and one is stochastic. Offspring receive their parent’s type without modification and fitnesses are determined by the game. Increasing the number of iterations changes the prospects for cooperation. All models become neutral in the limit$(n \rightarrow \infty)$. Further, if pairs of cooperative individuals survive together with high probability, specifically higher than for any other pair and for either type when it is alone, then cooperation becomes favored if the number of iterations is large enough. This holds regardless of the structure of pairwise interactions in a single step. Even if the single-step interaction is a Prisoner’s Dilemma, the cooperative type becomes favored. Enhanced survival is crucial in these iterated evolutionary games: if players in pairs start the game with a fitness deficit relative to lone individuals, the prospects for cooperation can become even worse than in the case of a single-step game. A new type of a simple iterated game with natural biological motivation is introduced. Two individuals are chosen at random from a population. They must survive a certain number of steps. They start together, but if one of them dies the other one tries to survive on its own. The only payoff is to survive the game. We only allow two strategies: cooperators help the other individual, while defectors do not. There is no strategic complexity. There ... Déposez votre fichier ici pour le déplacer vers cet enregistrement. ## Topics on$K3$surfaces - Lecture 1:$K3$surfaces in the Enriques Kodaira classification and examples Sarti, Alessandra | CIRM H Post-edited Research schools;Algebraic and Complex Geometry Aim of the lecture is to give an introduction to$K3$surfaces, that are special algebraic surfaces with an extremely rich geometry. The most easy example of such a surface is the Fermat quartic in complex three-dimensional space. The name$K3$was given by André Weil in 1958 in honour of the three remarkable mathematicians: Kummer, Kähler and Kodaira and of the beautiful K2 mountain at Cachemire. The topics of the lecture are the following: *$K3$surfaces in the Enriques-Kodaira classification. * Examples; Kummer surfaces. * Basic properties of$K3$surfaces; Torelli theorem and surjectivity of the period map. * The study of automorphisms on$K3$surfaces: basic facts, examples. * Symplectic automorphisms of$K3$surfaces, classification, moduli spaces. Aim of the lecture is to give an introduction to$K3$surfaces, that are special algebraic surfaces with an extremely rich geometry. The most easy example of such a surface is the Fermat quartic in complex three-dimensional space. The name$K3$was given by André Weil in 1958 in honour of the three remarkable mathematicians: Kummer, Kähler and Kodaira and of the beautiful K2 mountain at Cachemire. The topics of the lecture are the following: * ... Déposez votre fichier ici pour le déplacer vers cet enregistrement. ## Interview at CIRM: Edward Frenkel Frenkel, Edward | CIRM H Post-edited Outreach;Mathematics Education and Popularization of Mathematics Edward Frenkel is a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley, which he joined in 1997 after being on the faculty at Harvard University. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society, and the winner of the Hermann Weyl Prize in mathematical physics. Frenkel’s research is on the interface of mathematics and quantum physics, with an emphasis on the Langlands Program, which he describes as a Grand Unified Theory of mathematics. He has authored three books and over eighty scholarly articles in academic journals, and he has lectured on his work around the world. His YouTube videos have garnered millions of views. Frenkel’s latest book Love and Math was a New York Times bestseller, has been named one of the Best Books of the year by both Amazon and iBooks, and won the Euler Book Prize from the Mathematical Association of America. It has been published in 18 languages. Frenkel has also co-produced, co-directed and played the lead in the film Rites of Love and Math. Edward Frenkel is a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley, which he joined in 1997 after being on the faculty at Harvard University. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society, and the winner of the Hermann Weyl Prize in mathematical physics. Frenkel’s research is on the interface of mathematics and quantum physics, with an emphasis on the Langlands ... Déposez votre fichier ici pour le déplacer vers cet enregistrement. ## Galois theory and walks in the quarter plane Hardouin, Charlotte | CIRM H Post-edited Research talks;Combinatorics;Number Theory In the recent years, the nature of the generating series of walks in the quarter plane has attracted the attention of many authors in combinatorics and probability. The main questions are: are they algebraic, holonomic (solutions of linear differential equations) or at least hyperalgebraic (solutions of algebraic differential equations)? In this talk, we will show how the nature of the generating function can be approached via the study of a discrete functional equation over a curve E, of genus zero or one. In the first case, the functional equation corresponds to a so called q-difference equation and all the related generating series are differentially transcendental. For the genus one case, the dynamic of the functional equation corresponds to the addition by a given point P of the elliptic curve E. In that situation, one can relate the nature of the generating series to the fact that the point P is of torsion or not. In the recent years, the nature of the generating series of walks in the quarter plane has attracted the attention of many authors in combinatorics and probability. The main questions are: are they algebraic, holonomic (solutions of linear differential equations) or at least hyperalgebraic (solutions of algebraic differential equations)? In this talk, we will show how the nature of the generating function can be approached via the study of a ... Déposez votre fichier ici pour le déplacer vers cet enregistrement. ## Improving RNA secondary structure prediction Lorenz, Ronny | CIRM H Post-edited Research schools;Computer Science;Mathematics in Science and Technology Déposez votre fichier ici pour le déplacer vers cet enregistrement. ## Singular SPDE with rough coefficients Otto, Felix | CIRM H Post-edited Research talks;Partial Differential Equations;Probability and Statistics We are interested in parabolic differential equations$(\partial_t-a\partial_x^2)u=f$with a very irregular forcing$f$and only mildly regular coefficients$a$. This is motivated by stochastic differential equations, where$f$is random, and quasilinear equations, where$a$is a (nonlinear) function of$u$. Below a certain threshold for the regularity of$f$and$a$(on the Hölder scale), giving even a sense to this equation requires a renormalization. In the framework of the above setting, we present recent ideas from the area of stochastic differential equations (Lyons' rough path, Gubinelli's controlled rough paths, Hairer's regularity structures) that allow to build a solution theory. We make a connection with Safonov's approach to Schauder theory. This is based on joint work with H. Weber, J. Sauer, and S. Smith. We are interested in parabolic differential equations$(\partial_t-a\partial_x^2)u=f$with a very irregular forcing$f$and only mildly regular coefficients$a$. This is motivated by stochastic differential equations, where$f$is random, and quasilinear equations, where$a$is a (nonlinear) function of$u$. Below a certain threshold for the regularity of$f$and$a$(on the Hölder scale), giving even a sense to this equation requires a ... Déposez votre fichier ici pour le déplacer vers cet enregistrement. ## Interview au CIRM : Claire Voisin Voisin, Claire | CIRM H Post-edited Outreach;Mathematics Education and Popularization of Mathematics Claire Voisin, mathématicienne française, est Directrice de recherche au Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) à l'Institut de mathématiques de Jussieu, elle est membre de l'Académie des sciences et titulaire de la nouvelle chaire de mathématiques " géométrie algébrique " au Collège de France. Elle a reçu de nombreux prix nationaux et internationaux pour ses travaux en géométrie algébrique, et en particulier pour la résolution de la conjecture de Koidara sur les variétés de Kälher compactes et celle de la conjecture de Green sur les syzygies. Elle est depuis 2010 membre de l'Académie des sciences. Depuis le 2 juin 2016, elle est titulaire de la nouvelle chaire de mathématique " géométrie algébrique " devenant ainsi la première femme mathématicienne à entrer au Collège de France. Ses recherches portent sur la géométrie algébrique, notamment sur la conjecture de Hodge4, dans la lignée d'Alexandre Grothendieck ; la symétrie miroir et la géométrie complexe kählérienne. Distinctions : Médaille de bronze du CNRS (1988) puis médaille d'argent (2006)et médaille d'or (2016) Prix IBM jeune chercheur (1989) Prix EMS de la Société mathématique européenne (1992) Prix Servant décerné par l'Académie des sciences (1996) Prix Sophie-Germain décerné par l'Académie des sciences (2003) Prix Ruth Lyttle Satter décerné par l'AMS (2007) Clay Research Award en 2008 Prix Heinz Hopf (2015) Officier de l'ordre national de la Légion d'honneur (2016) Prix Shaw (2017) Claire Voisin, mathématicienne française, est Directrice de recherche au Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) à l'Institut de mathématiques de Jussieu, elle est membre de l'Académie des sciences et titulaire de la nouvelle chaire de mathématiques " géométrie algébrique " au Collège de France. Elle a reçu de nombreux prix nationaux et internationaux pour ses travaux en géométrie algébrique, et en particulier pour la résolution de ... Déposez votre fichier ici pour le déplacer vers cet enregistrement. ## ​​​Growth of normalizing sequences in limit theorems Gouëzel, Sébastien | CIRM H Post-edited Research talks;Dynamical Systems and Ordinary Differential Equations;Probability and Statistics ​Assume that a renormalized Birkhoff sum$S_n f/B_n$converges in distribution to a nontrivial limit. What can one say about the sequence$B_n$? Most natural statements in the literature involve sequences$B_n$of the form$B_n = n^\alpha L(n)$, where$L$is slowly varying. We will discuss the possible growth rate of$B_n$both in the probability preserving case and the conservative case. In particular, we will describe examples where$B_n$grows superpolynomially, or where$B_{n+1}/B_n$does not tend to$1$. ​Assume that a renormalized Birkhoff sum$S_n f/B_n$converges in distribution to a nontrivial limit. What can one say about the sequence$B_n$? Most natural statements in the literature involve sequences$B_n$of the form$B_n = n^\alpha L(n)$, where$L$is slowly varying. We will discuss the possible growth rate of$B_n$both in the probability preserving case and the conservative case. In particular, we will describe examples where$B_n$... Déposez votre fichier ici pour le déplacer vers cet enregistrement. ## Local acyclicity in$p\$-adic geometry Scholze, Peter | CIRM H

Post-edited

Research talks;Algebraic and Complex Geometry;Number Theory

Motivated by applications to the geometric Satake equivalence and in particular the construction of the fusion product, we define a notion of universally locally acyclic for rigid spaces and diamonds, and prove that it has the expected properties.

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