Résumé : The classification of topological phases in each Altland-Zirnbauer symmetry class is related to one of 2 complex or 8 real $\mathrm{K}$-theory by Kitaev. A more general framework, in which we deal with systems with an arbitrary symmetry of quantum mechanics specified by Wigner's theorem, is introduced by Freed and Moore by using a generalization of twisted $\mathrm{K}$-theory. In this talk, we introduce the definition of twisted $\mathrm{K}$-theory in the sense of Freed-Moore for $C^*$-algebras, which gives a framework for the study of topological phases of non-periodic systems with a symmetry of quantum mechanics. Moreover, we introduce uses of basic tools in $\mathrm{K}$-theory of operator algebras such as inductions and the Green-Julg isomorphism for the study of topological phases.